丙烯在醇类溶液中的溶解过程热力学分析

用静态法测定了温度为30~60℃,压力为0.3~0.9 MPa时丙烯在醇水质量比分别为7∶3、8∶2、9∶1及1∶0的甲醇、异丙醇和仲丁醇水溶液中的溶解度数据。比较了丙烯在这3种醇水溶液(相同浓度)中的溶解度大小:仲丁醇>异丙醇>甲醇。此外,醇水溶液中醇的含量越大,丙烯的溶解度就越大。计算了丙烯在甲醇、异丙醇、仲丁醇三种醇水溶液中溶解过程的热力学函数值,主要是溶解焓和溶解熵,醇溶液浓度的增加对溶解焓的影响大于溶解熵。从溶解热力学函数、溶解度参数、缔合溶液的空腔假说等方面探讨了3种醇溶剂中溶解度差异的原因,解释了一些相关的溶解现象。丙烯溶解度关联的偏差及溶解度随醇浓度变化的“S”形曲线是由于醇水溶液明显偏离理想溶液所致。     

304不锈钢GTAW背面保护焊剂性能研究

为了研究单面焊接双面成形背面保护剂的保护效果,采用光学显微镜、电子显微镜、能谱仪、显微硬度计等对接头组织及性能进行表征和分析。结果表明,采用Solar TYPE B型焊接保护剂可以获得成形良好的焊缝;熔合线附近的焊缝组织为联生结晶的奥氏体柱状晶,焊缝中心组织为细小均布的奥氏体枝晶,平均枝晶间距为8.9μm;焊缝背部表层有较低含量的O元素,从而说明保护剂对焊缝背部的保护具有效果良好;焊接接头热影响区的硬度较低,而焊缝区硬度较高,但总体硬度值波动不大。     

Studying Fluid Characteristics Atop Surface Patterned Membranes via Particle Image Velocimetry

Surface patterning is a recent promising approach to promote performance of pressure-driven membranes in water treatment and desalination. Nevertheless, knowledge about foulant deposition mechanisms, especially at early stage of filtration, is still lacking. The applicability of particle imaging velocimetry to study fluid characteristics atop surface patterned thin-film composite membranes was investigated at different operating conditions. This work is an important first step toward reliable understanding of the impacts of topographical membrane surface modification on hydrodynamic conditions and foulant deposition mechanisms.     

Surface Modification of Ready-to-Use Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration Modules for Oil/Water Separation

Reusing wastewater from oil-related industries is becoming increasingly important, especially in water-stressed oil-producing countries. Before oily wastewater can be discharged or reused, it must be properly treated, e.g., by membrane-based processes like ultrafiltration. A major issue of the applied membranes is their high fouling propensity. This paper reports on mitigating fouling inside ready-to-use ultrafiltration hollow-fiber modules used in a polishing step in oil/water separation. For this purpose, in-situ polyzwitterionic hydrogel coating was applied. The membrane performance was tested with oil nano-emulsions using a mini-plant system. The main factors influencing fouling were systematically investigated using statistical design of experiments.     

基于改进免疫克隆选择算法的电动汽车充电站选址定容方法

随着电动汽车渗透率的提高,充电基础设施规划应更加科学、合理,提出一种基于改进免疫克隆选择算法的电动汽车充电站选址定容方法。首先,分析充电站的容量、位置和服务范围之间的关系,以充电站的覆盖率和重合度、规划区域内的功率以及充电站的充电功率为约束条件,建立以充电站年总成本最小为目标的充电站选址定容模型。然后,提出一种抗体间亲和力的计算方法以及多项式变异对免疫克隆选择算法进行改进,使其更适用于电动汽车充电站选址定容模型的寻优迭代求解。最后,利用MATLAB进行算例分析,结果验证了模型和算法的有效性。     

杜仲橡胶在全钢载重子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用

在全钢载重子午线轮胎胎面胶中直接添加5～15份杜仲橡胶或用杜仲橡胶等量替代天然橡胶（NR）,研究其对胎面胶性能的影响。结果表明：在胎面胶中直接添加杜仲橡胶,胶料的门尼粘度增大,门尼焦烧时间略有延长;且随着杜仲橡胶用量的增大,t₉₀略有延长,Fmax－FL呈减小趋势,硫化胶的邵尔A型硬度、100%定伸应力和300%定伸应力呈减小趋势,抗切割指数先减小后增大,拉伸强度和回弹值变化不大,拉断伸长率呈增大趋势,胶料0和25 ℃时的损耗因子（tanδ）先增大后减小,但均大于未添加杜仲橡胶的胶料,60 ℃时的tanδ变化不大;将杜仲橡胶等量替代NR,随着杜仲橡胶用量的增大,胶料的门尼粘度呈增大趋势,t₉₀基本呈延长趋势,F_max－F_L先增大后减小,硫化胶的硬度、100%定伸应力、300%定伸应力呈减小趋势,拉断伸长率、回弹值、DIN磨耗指数和抗切割指数呈增大趋势,拉伸强度变化较小,胶料0 ℃时的tanδ增大,60 ℃时的tanδ减小,表明胶料的抗湿滑性能提高,滚动阻力下降。     

金属扭力管寿命测试系统设计

论述了不锈钢金属扭力管的工作原理和技术要求。根据不锈钢金属扭力管寿命测试试验要求,设计了一套基于液压作动筒的测控系统,能有效模拟扭力管的工作状态,并对试验过程中的角度、压力、温度等主要参数进行实时监测和记录。试验结果表明:扭力管寿命试验的各项指标均满足设计要求。     

形状相似性法的圆柱斜齿轮冷锻数值模拟

提出了锻件毛坯与齿轮形状相似性冷锻法,改善成形质量,同时锻坯中心孔分流,可降低成形力.用三维有限元仿真软件数值模拟圆柱斜齿轮的闭式冷锻过程,确定下端面带凹槽的齿轮锻坯形状,该形状能避免齿轮成形产生的折叠缺陷;通过对材料变形的应变场、应力场、速度场、加载曲线等规律的分析,确定变形严重的应力区和应变最大值分布位置,指出材料成形流动速度差过大,是产生成形折叠缺陷的原因.总之,形状相似性法的圆柱斜齿轮冷锻成形齿轮是可行和有效,具有工程实际应用意义.     

Study on improvement of conductivity of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys

The influence of alloying, heat treatment, and plastic working on the performance of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys was investigated. The precipitated phases were characterized as Cr, Cu51Zr14 and Cu5Zr. Cu-Cr-Zr alloys demonstrate combination properties of high strength and high conductivity after solution treatment, aging treatment, and plastic deformation. Precipitation course of Cr is the main factor that influences the conductivity of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys, while adding Zr in the alloys adjusts the orientation relationship between Cr and matrix, and tends to increase the conductivity of aged Cu-Cr-Zr alloys after deformation.     

PMAC多轴运动控制器应用研究

本文通过对PMAC多轴运动控制器应用方案的论述，介绍了利用PMAC构建一个机电一体化实验装置所需要的软硬件结构，以及构建系统的方法、解决手段和需要注意的事项。